Cuprins
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Debian 8 introduces two new architectures:
arm64, 64-bit port for ARM machines.
ppc64el, 64-bit little-endian port for POWER machines.
The following are the officially supported architectures for Debian 8:
32-bit PC ('i386') and 64-bit PC ('amd64')
64-bit ARM ('arm64')
ARM (EABI) („armel”)
ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, „armhf”)
MIPS („mips” (big-endian) și „mipsel” (little-endian))
PowerPC („powerpc”)
64-bit little-endian PowerPC ('ppc64el')
IBM System z („s390x”)
Three architectures which were part of Debian 7 are not released with jessie.
As announced when Debian 7 was released, the 32-bit s390
port is discontinued and replaced with
s390x
.
In addition, the ports to IA-64 and Sparc had to be removed from this
release due to insufficient developer support. Sparc had been a supported
architecture in Debian since 2.1 (1999), while ia64
was introduced in Debian 3.0 (2002).
Finally, the Debian ports to the FreeBSD kernel, kfreebsd-amd64 and kfreebsd-i386, included as technology previews in Debian 6.0 and Debian 7, are not part of this release.
Puteți să citiți mai multe despre starea portărilor și să aflați detalii specifice arhitecturii dumneavoastră pe paginile web ale portărilor Debian.
This new release of Debian again comes with a lot more software than its predecessor wheezy; the distribution includes over 12253 new packages, for a total of over 43512 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 24573 software packages (this is 66% of all packages in wheezy). Also, a significant number of packages (over 5441, 14% of the packages in wheezy) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as 'obsolete' in package management front-ends; see Secțiune 4.10, „Pachete învechite”.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 3.14, KDE 4.11, Xfce 4.10, and LXDE.
Aplicațiile de productivitate au fost de asemenea actualizate, inclusiv suitele de birou:
Updates of other desktop applications include the upgrade to Evolution 3.12.
Această versiune conține, printre multe altele, și următoarele actualizări:
The official Debian distribution now ships on 9 to 10 binary
DVDs or 75
to 85 binary CDs
(depending on the architecture)
and 10 source DVDs or 59 source
CDs. Additionally, there is a
multi-arch DVD, with a subset of the
release for the amd64
and i386
architectures, along with the source code. Debian is also released as
Blu-ray
(BD) images, 2 each for the amd64
and
i386
architectures, or 2 for the source code. For size
reasons, some very large packages are omitted from the CD
builds; these packages fit better in the DVD and
BD builds, so are still included there.
Being upgraded to version 3.14, the new GNOME desktop brings many new features and usability improvements.
The design of the GNOME shell has been updated. The bottom message tray is larger, easier to use and less prone to appear accidentally. A new system status area in the upper right corner puts all useful settings in the same place.
The screensaver has been replaced by a "lock screen" that still brings minimal functionality when the user is away. For example, you can pause the music, be informed of a new e-mail, or change the screen brightness, all of that without entering a password. Pressing the Escape key or starting to type the password brings back the login prompt. The GNOME display manager uses the exact same design for consistency.
Several applications, including the Nautilus file manager, the gedit text editor, and the evince document viewer have seen their design made much more compact, merging the window titlebar with the toolbar. This leaves much more room for the documents the user is working on. The standard dialog boxes have undergone similar changes.
Support for touch screens has been fully integrated, including intuitive gestures based on multiple finger movements. GNOME now also supports high resolution (HiDPI) screens, taking full advantage of fine pixeling for the clearest rendering.
GNOME supports geolocation, and includes a smooth mapping and navigation application.
The user documentation is much more complete, and includes video tutorials for new users.
More information can be found in the GNOME 3.14 release notes.
Introduced in Debian 7, systemd
is now the default init system. It
provides advanced monitoring, logging, and service management capabilities.
While it is designed as a drop-in sysvinit
replacement and as such makes use of
existing SysV init scripts, the systemd
package can be installed safely
alongside sysvinit
and started via
the init=/bin/systemd
kernel option. The systemd-sysv
package provides the
/sbin/init
replacement.
For more information on this topic, see the Debian wiki.
The legacy secure sockets layer protocol SSLv3 has been disabled in this release. Many system cryptography libraries as well as servers and client applications have been compiled or configured without support for this protocol.
The Linux kernel features a security mechanism which nullifies many symlink attacks. It is enabled in the Debian Linux kernel by default. /tmp-related bugs which are rendered non-exploitable by this mechanism are not treated as security vulnerabilities. If you use a custom Linux kernel you should enable it using a sysctl setting:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks
In some rare cases the security support for a package shipped in a Debian
release needs to be terminated prior to the end of support for the full
distribution. Jessie provides a new package (debian-security-support
) which emits a warning
if support for a package needs to be terminated in advance. It also
documents packages where the scope of security support is limited. As such,
it is recommended to install debian-security-support on all
security-relevant systems.
Continuing on the path set by Wheezy, more packages have been
built with hardened compiler flags. Also, the stack protector flag has been
switched to stack-protector-strong for extra hardening. Note that the
hardened build flags are not enabled by default in gcc
, so they are not used automatically when
locally building software.
New in this release is the needrestart
package. When installed, it will
perform a check after each APT upgrade session. If any services running on
the system require a restart to take advantage of changes in the upgraded
packages then it offers to perform these restarts. It is recommended to
install needrestart
to ensure that
security updates in libraries are propagated to running services.
Along with the older MySQL 5.5, Jessie ships the new MariaDB 10.0. See the Debian MySQL Team wiki page for more information. Only one of them is likely to be included in Debian 9.
Note that upstream support for MySQL 5.5 will cease in December 2018 (and Debian security support will have to follow that), while MariaDB 10.0 will receive upstream security support until March 2019.
The Debian Games Team proudly presents the Debian Games Blend consisting of 33 metapackages
which simplify the installation of games per category. The selection
includes among many others strategy, simulation, card, and programming
games. Debian Games also offers developers a quick way to install
recommended software for developing games in the C++, Java, Perl, or Python
3 programming languages. Content developers will find useful tools for
creating game art in games-content-dev
. The project homepage
provides screenshots and further information and offers a compact overview
about all games including Debian's finest
games.
The Debian Med team has again considerably increased not only the number of packages in the fields of biology and medicine but also their quality in terms of testing (at package build time as well as autopkgtest). These enhancements in version 2.0 of the Debian Med Blend metapackages reflect the demand from scientists for reliable software to provide reproducible results. Visit the Debian Med tasks pages to see the full range of biological and medical software in Debian.
Due to the continuous work of the Debian Science team not only new scientific applications were added to the Debian package pool but also new fields of science are covered by certain applications. Visit Debian Science tasks pages to see the full range of scientific software inside Debian.
During the jessie development cycle many changes from UbuntuGIS were merged back into Debian GIS. The collaboration with UbuntuGIS and OSGeo-Live projects was improved, resulting in new packages and contributors. Visit Debian GIS tasks pages to see the full range of GIS software inside Debian and the Debian GIS homepage for more information.
Jessie ships with 799 source packages (442 updated, +130 new ones since Wheezy) which will be maintained by the Java Team. Notable changes:
OpenJDK 7 is the new supported default Java runtime.
OpenJDK 8 will be available from jessie-backports.
Tomcat 7 and Tomcat 8 are supported and Tomcat 6 was removed.
New developer tools including VisualVM, the Dynamic Code Evolution VM (openjdk-7-jre-dcevm), Gradle, eclipse-wtp-webtools, closure-compiler and more.
Inclusion of androidsdk-tools